Greetings & courtesy

What to say when you meet, thank, and leave — the glue of every conversation.

• salam aleykum hello (peace be upon you)
• aleykum salam hello back (the reply)
• kalaysa? how are you?
• kalaysız? how are you? (polite / to several people)
• igime, saw bol I'm fine, thanks
• hoş kelding welcome! (to one person)
• hoş keligiz welcome! (to several people)
• saw bol thank you (literally: be well)
• saw boluğuz thank you (polite)
• saw kal goodbye — said by the one leaving (literally: stay well)
• Allah aytsa God willing

The -uğuz / -igiz endings make any of these polite or plural: saw boluğuz, saw qalığız, hoş keligiz.